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<td class="mbox-text" style="">This article <b>may require <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">cleanup</a> to meet Wikipedia's <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">quality standards</a></b>. No <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cleanup/doc" title="Template:Cleanup/doc">cleanup reason</a> has been specified. Please help <a class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fieldbus&action=edit">improve this article</a> if you can; the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Fieldbus" title="Talk:Fieldbus">talk page</a> may contain suggestions. <small><i>(February 2008)</i></small></td>
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<p><b>Fieldbus</b> is the name of a family of industrial <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_network" title="Computer network">computer network</a> protocols used for real-time distributed control, now standardized as <b>IEC 61158</b>.</p>
<p>A complex <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automation" title="Automation">automated</a> industrial system — such as manufacturing assembly line — usually needs an organized hierarchy of controller systems to function. In this hierarchy there is usually a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_interface" title="User interface">Human Machine Interface</a> (HMI) at the top, where an operator can monitor or operate the system. This is typically linked to a middle layer of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programmable_logic_controller" title="Programmable logic controller">programmable logic controllers</a> (PLC) via a non-time-critical communications system (e.g. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a>). At the bottom of the control chain is the fieldbus that links the PLCs to the components that actually do the work, such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensor" title="Sensor">sensors</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actuator" title="Actuator">actuators</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_motors" title="Electric motors" class="mw-redirect">electric motors</a>, console lights, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switch" title="Switch">switches</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valve" title="Valve">valves</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor" title="Contactor">contactors</a>.</p>
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<h2>Contents</h2>
<span class="toctoggle">&nbsp;[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fieldbus#" class="internal" id="togglelink">hide</a>]&nbsp;</span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fieldbus#Description"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Description</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fieldbus#History"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fieldbus#IEC_61158_specification"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">IEC 61158 specification</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fieldbus#Standards"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Standards</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fieldbus#Cost_advantage"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Cost advantage</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fieldbus#Networking"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Networking</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fieldbus#Features"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Features</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fieldbus#Disadvantages"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Disadvantages</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fieldbus#Current_developments"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Current developments</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fieldbus#Safety"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Safety</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fieldbus#Market"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">Market</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fieldbus#References"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fieldbus#Bibliography"><span class="tocnumber">13</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliography</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fieldbus#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">14</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
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<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fieldbus&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Description">Description</span></h2>
<p>Fieldbus is an industrial network system for real-time distributed control. It is a way to connect instruments in a manufacturing plant. Fieldbus works on a network structure which typically allows <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daisy_chain_(electrical_engineering)" title="Daisy chain (electrical engineering)">daisy-chain</a>, star, ring, branch, and tree <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_topology" title="Network topology">network topologies</a>. Previously computers were connected using <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RS-232" title="RS-232">RS-232</a> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_communications" title="Serial communications" class="mw-redirect">serial connections</a>) by which only two devices could communicate. This would be the equivalent of the currently used <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_loop" title="Current loop">4-20 mA communication scheme</a> which requires that each device has its own communication point at the controller level, while the fieldbus is the equivalent of the current <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_area_network" title="Local area network">LAN-type connections</a>, which require only one communication point at the controller level and allow multiple (hundreds) of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analog_signal" title="Analog signal">analog</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital" title="Digital">digital</a> points to be connected at the same time. This reduces both the length of the cable required and the number of cables required. Furthermore, since devices that communicate through fieldbus require a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microprocessor" title="Microprocessor">microprocessor</a>, multiple points are typically provided by the same device. Some fieldbus devices now support control schemes such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PID_controller" title="PID controller">PID control</a> on the device side instead of forcing the controller to do the processing.</p>
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fieldbus&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span></h2>
<p>Although fieldbus technology has been around since 1988, with the completion of the ISA S50.02 standard, the development of the international standard took many years. In 1999, the IEC SC65C/WG6 standards committee met to resolve difference in the draft IEC fieldbus standard. The result of this meeting was the initial form of the IEC 61158 standard with eight different protocol sets called "Types" as follows:</p>
<ul>
<li>Type 1 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foundation_Fieldbus_H1" title="Foundation Fieldbus H1">Foundation Fieldbus H1</a></li>
<li>Type 2 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ControlNet" title="ControlNet">ControlNet</a></li>
<li>Type 3 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PROFIBUS" title="PROFIBUS" class="mw-redirect">PROFIBUS</a></li>
<li>Type 4 P-Net</li>
<li>Type 5 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FOUNDATION_fieldbus" title="FOUNDATION fieldbus">FOUNDATION fieldbus</a> HSE (High Speed Ethernet)</li>
<li>Type 6 SwiftNet (a protocol developed for Boeing, since withdrawn)</li>
<li>Type 7 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WorldFIP" title="WorldFIP" class="mw-redirect">WorldFIP</a></li>
<li>Type 8 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interbus" title="Interbus" class="mw-redirect">Interbus</a></li>
</ul>
<p>This form of standard was first developed for the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Common_Market" title="European Common Market" class="mw-redirect">European Common Market</a>, concentrates less on commonality, and achieves its primary purpose—elimination of restraint of trade between nations. Issues of commonality are now left to the international consortia that support each of the fieldbus standard types. Almost as soon as it was approved, the IEC standards development work ceased and the committee was dissolved. A new IEC committee SC65C/MT-9 was formed to resolve the conflicts in form and substance within the more than 4000 pages of IEC 61158. The work on the above protocol types is substantially complete. New protocols, such as for safety fieldbuses or realtime ethernet-based fieldbuses are being accepted into the definition of the international fieldbus standard during a typical 5-year maintenance cycle.</p>
<p>Both Foundation Fieldbus and Profibus technologies are now commonly implemented within the process control field, both for new developments and major refits. In 2006, China saw the largest FF (Foundation Fieldbus) systems installations at NanHai and SECCO, each with around 15000 fieldbus devices connected.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from October 2007">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></p>
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fieldbus&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: IEC 61158 specification">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="IEC_61158_specification">IEC 61158 specification</span></h2>
<p>There were many competing technologies for fieldbus and the original hope for one single unified communications mechanism has not been realised. This should not be unexpected since fieldbus technology needs to be implemented differently in different applications; automotive fieldbus is functionally different from process plant control. The final edition of IEC standard IEC 61158 allows 8 technologies.This are the some hierarchic layer of the automation protocols.</p>
<p>IEC 61158 consists of the following parts, under the general title <i>Digital data communications for measurement and control – Fieldbus for use in industrial control systems</i>:</p>
<ul>
<li>Part 1: Overview and guidance for the IEC 61158 series</li>
<li>Part 2: Physical Layer specification and service definition</li>
<li>Part 3: Data Link Service definition</li>
<li>Part 4: Data Link Protocol specification</li>
<li>Part 5: Application Layer Service definition</li>
<li>Part 6: Application Layer Protocol specification</li>
</ul>
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fieldbus&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Standards">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Standards">Standards</span></h2>
<p>There are a wide variety of competing fieldbus standards. Some of the most widely used ones include:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AS-Interface" title="AS-Interface">AS-Interface</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controller_Area_Network" title="Controller Area Network" class="mw-redirect">CAN</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interbus" title="Interbus" class="mw-redirect">Interbus</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LonWorks" title="LonWorks">LonWorks</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modbus" title="Modbus">Modbus</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PROFIBUS" title="PROFIBUS" class="mw-redirect">PROFIBUS</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BITBUS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BITBUS (page does not exist)">BITBUS</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=CompoNet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CompoNet (page does not exist)">CompoNet</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SafetyBUS_p" title="SafetyBUS p">SafetyBUS p</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SERCOS_interface" title="SERCOS interface">SERCOS interface</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAPIEnet" title="RAPIEnet">RAPIEnet</a></li>
</ul>
<p>See <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_automation_protocols" title="List of automation protocols">List of automation protocols</a> for more examples.</p>
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fieldbus&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Cost advantage">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Cost_advantage">Cost advantage</span></h2>
<p>The amount of cabling required is much lower in Fieldbus than in 4-20&nbsp;mA installations. This is because many devices share the same set of cables in a multi-dropped fashion rather than requiring a dedicated set of cables per device as in the case of 4-20&nbsp;mA devices. Moreover, several parameters can be communicated per device in a Fieldbus network whereas only one parameter can be transmitted on a 4-20&nbsp;mA connection.</p>
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fieldbus&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Networking">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Networking">Networking</span></h2>
<p>With the exception of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARCNET" title="ARCNET">ARCNET</a>, which was conceived as early as 1975 for office connectivity and later found uses in industry, the majority of fieldbus standards were developed in the 1980s and became fully established in the marketplace during the mid-1990s. In the United States, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allen-Bradley" title="Allen-Bradley">Allen-Bradley</a> developed standards that eventually grew into <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DeviceNet" title="DeviceNet">DeviceNet</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ControlNet" title="ControlNet">ControlNet</a>; in Europe, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siemens" title="Siemens">Siemens</a> and other manufacturers developed a protocol which evolved into <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PROFIBUS" title="PROFIBUS" class="mw-redirect">PROFIBUS</a>.</p>
<p>During the 1980s, to solve communication problems between different control systems in cars, the German company <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Bosch_GmbH" title="Robert Bosch GmbH">Robert Bosch GmbH</a> first developed the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controller_Area_Network" title="Controller Area Network" class="mw-redirect">Controller Area Network</a> (CAN). The concept of CAN was that every device can be connected by a single set of wires, and every device that is connected can freely exchange data with any other device. CAN soon migrated into the factory automation marketplace (with many others).</p>
<p>Despite each technology sharing the generic name of fieldbus the various fieldbus are not readily interchangeable. The differences between them are so profound that they cannot be easily connected to each other.<sup id="cite_ref-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fieldbus#cite_note-0"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> To understand the differences among fieldbus standards, it is necessary to understand how fieldbus networks are designed. With reference to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSI_model" title="OSI model">OSI model</a>, fieldbus standards are determined by the physical media of the cabling, and layers one, two and seven of the reference model.</p>
<p>For each technology the physical medium and the physical layer standards fully describe, in detail, the implementation of bit timing, synchronization, encoding/decoding, band rate, bus length and the physical connection of the transceiver to the communication wires. The data link layer standard is responsible for fully specifying how messages are assembled ready for transmission by the physical layer, error handling, message-filtering and bus arbitration and how these standards are to be implemented in hardware. The application layer standard, in general defines how the data communication layers are interfaced to the application that wishes to communicate. It describes message specifications, network management implementations and response to the request from the application of services. Layers three to six are not described in fieldbus standards.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fieldbus#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<p>Technical committees, with representatives of many different companies, have been responsible for turning the original specifications into international ISO standards. Bury, among others, reports that work is underway to implement a common fieldbus protocol.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fieldbus#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> This will entail a common set of application-layer services that can be provided regardless of the lower-layer implementation details. Although very much in its infancy, it is expected that this protocol may become reality by 2010. Whether designed for low-level sensor communications or high-level machine connectivity (or both), a fieldbus is an important enabling technology for an open architecture controller.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fieldbus#cite_note-3"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fieldbus&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Features">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Features">Features</span></h2>
<p>Different fieldbuses offer different sets of features and performance. It is difficult to make a general comparison of fieldbus performance because of fundamental differences in data transfer methodology. In the comparison table below it is simply noted if the fieldbus in question typically supports data update cycles of 1 millisecond or faster.</p>
<table class="wikitable sortable jquery-tablesorter" style="width: auto; text-align: center; font-size: smaller; table-layout: fixed;">
<thead><tr>
<th class="headerSort" title="Sort ascending">Fieldbus</th>
<th class="headerSort" title="Sort ascending">Bus power</th>
<th class="headerSort" title="Sort ascending">Cabling redundancy</th>
<th class="headerSort" title="Sort ascending">Max devices</th>
<th class="headerSort" title="Sort ascending">Synchronisation</th>
<th class="headerSort" title="Sort ascending">Sub millisecond cycle</th>
</tr></thead><tbody>
<tr>
<th style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AS-Interface" title="AS-Interface">AS-Interface</a></th>
<td style="background: #90ff90; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td>
<td style="background:#ff9090; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">No</td>
<td>62</td>
<td style="background:#ff9090; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">No</td>
<td style="background:#ff9090; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">No</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CANopen" title="CANopen">CANopen</a></th>
<td style="background:#ff9090; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">No</td>
<td style="background:#ff9090; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">No</td>
<td>127</td>
<td style="background: #90ff90; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td>
<td style="background:#ff9090; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">No</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=CompoNet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CompoNet (page does not exist)">CompoNet</a></th>
<td style="background: #90ff90; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td>
<td style="background:#ff9090; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">No</td>
<td>384</td>
<td style="background:#ff9090; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">No</td>
<td style="background: #90ff90; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ControlNet" title="ControlNet">ControlNet</a></th>
<td style="background:#ff9090; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">No</td>
<td style="background: #90ff90; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td>
<td>99</td>
<td style="background:#ff9090; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">No</td>
<td style="background:#ff9090; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">No</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CC-Link_Industrial_Networks" title="CC-Link Industrial Networks">CC-Link</a></th>
<td style="background:#ff9090; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">No</td>
<td style="background:#ff9090; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">No</td>
<td>64</td>
<td style="background:#ff9090; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">No</td>
<td style="background:#ff9090; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">No</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DeviceNet" title="DeviceNet">DeviceNet</a></th>
<td style="background: #90ff90; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td>
<td style="background:#ff9090; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">No</td>
<td>64</td>
<td style="background:#ff9090; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">No</td>
<td style="background:#ff9090; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">No</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EtherCAT" title="EtherCAT">EtherCAT</a></th>
<td style="background:#ff9090; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">No</td>
<td style="background: #90ff90; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td>
<td>65536</td>
<td style="background: #90ff90; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td>
<td style="background: #90ff90; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet_Powerlink" title="Ethernet Powerlink">Ethernet Powerlink</a></th>
<td style="background:#ff9090; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">No</td>
<td>Optional</td>
<td>240</td>
<td style="background: #90ff90; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td>
<td style="background: #90ff90; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EtherNet/IP" title="EtherNet/IP">EtherNet/IP</a></th>
<td style="background:#ff9090; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">No</td>
<td>Optional</td>
<td>Almost unlimited</td>
<td>Under development</td>
<td style="background:#ff9090; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">No</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interbus" title="Interbus" class="mw-redirect">Interbus</a></th>
<td style="background:#ff9090; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">No</td>
<td style="background:#ff9090; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">No</td>
<td>511</td>
<td style="background:#ff9090; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">No</td>
<td style="background:#ff9090; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">No</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LonWorks" title="LonWorks">LonWorks</a></th>
<td style="background:#ff9090; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">No</td>
<td style="background:#ff9090; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">No</td>
<td>32000</td>
<td style="background:#ff9090; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">No</td>
<td style="background:#ff9090; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">No</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modbus" title="Modbus">Modbus</a></th>
<td style="background:#ff9090; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">No</td>
<td style="background:#ff9090; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">No</td>
<td>246</td>
<td style="background:#ff9090; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">No</td>
<td style="background:#ff9090; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">No</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PROFIBUS" title="PROFIBUS" class="mw-redirect">PROFIBUS</a> DP</th>
<td style="background:#ff9090; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">No</td>
<td>Optional</td>
<td>126</td>
<td style="background: #90ff90; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td>
<td style="background:#ff9090; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">No</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PROFIBUS" title="PROFIBUS" class="mw-redirect">PROFIBUS</a> PA</th>
<td style="background: #90ff90; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td>
<td style="background:#ff9090; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">No</td>
<td>126</td>
<td style="background:#ff9090; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">No</td>
<td style="background:#ff9090; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">No</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PROFINET_IO" title="PROFINET IO" class="mw-redirect">PROFINET IO</a></th>
<td style="background:#ff9090; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">No</td>
<td>Optional</td>
<td>Almost unlimited</td>
<td style="background:#ff9090; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">No</td>
<td style="background:#ff9090; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">No</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PROFINET_IO#PROFINET_and_isochronous_communication" title="PROFINET IO" class="mw-redirect">PROFINET IRT</a></th>
<td style="background:#ff9090; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">No</td>
<td>Optional</td>
<td>Almost unlimited</td>
<td style="background: #90ff90; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td>
<td style="background: #90ff90; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SERCOS_III" title="SERCOS III">SERCOS III</a></th>
<td style="background:#ff9090; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">No</td>
<td style="background: #90ff90; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td>
<td>511</td>
<td style="background: #90ff90; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td>
<td style="background: #90ff90; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SERCOS_interface" title="SERCOS interface">SERCOS interface</a></th>
<td style="background:#ff9090; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">No</td>
<td style="background:#ff9090; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">No</td>
<td>254</td>
<td style="background: #90ff90; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td>
<td style="background: #90ff90; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foundation_Fieldbus_H1" title="Foundation Fieldbus H1">Foundation Fieldbus H1</a></th>
<td style="background: #90ff90; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td>
<td style="background:#ff9090; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">No</td>
<td>240</td>
<td style="background:#ff9090; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">No</td>
<td style="background:#ff9090; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">No</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAPIEnet" title="RAPIEnet">RAPIEnet</a></th>
<td style="background:#ff9090; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">No</td>
<td style="background: #90ff90; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td>
<td>256</td>
<td>Under Development</td>
<td>Conditional</td>
</tr>

</tbody><tfoot><tr class="sortbottom">
<th>Fieldbus</th>
<th>Bus power</th>
<th>Cabling redundancy</th>
<th>Max devices</th>
<th>Synchronisation</th>
<th>Sub millisecond cycle</th>
</tr></tfoot></table>
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fieldbus&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Disadvantages">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Disadvantages">Disadvantages</span></h2>
<p>There are disadvantages to using fieldbus compared to the 4-20 mA analog signal standard (or to 4-20 mA with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HART_Protocol" title="HART Protocol" class="mw-redirect">HART</a>):</p>
<ul>
<li>Fieldbus systems are more complex, so users need to be more extensively trained or more highly qualified</li>
<li>The price of fieldbus components is higher</li>
<li>Fieldbus test devices are more complex compared to a (high-spec) multimeter that can be used to read and simulate analog 4-20 mA signals</li>
<li>Slightly longer reaction times with fieldbus, depending on the system</li>
<li>Device manufacturers have to offer different versions of their devices (e.g. sensors, actuators) due to the number of different (incompatible) fieldbus standards. This can add to the cost of the devices and to the difficulty of device selection and availability.</li>
<li>One or more fieldbus standards may predominate in future and others may become obsolete. This increases the investment risk when implementing fieldbus.</li>
</ul>
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fieldbus&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Current developments">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Current_developments">Current developments</span></h2>
<p>Recently a number of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a>-based industrial communication systems have been established, most of them with extensions for real-time communication. These have the potential to replace the traditional fieldbuses in the long term.</p>
<p>Here is a partial list of the new Ethernet-based industrial communication systems:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EtherCAT" title="EtherCAT">EtherCAT</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EtherNet/IP" title="EtherNet/IP">EtherNet/IP</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet_Powerlink" title="Ethernet Powerlink">Ethernet Powerlink</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BACnet" title="BACnet">BACnet</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PROFINET_IO" title="PROFINET IO" class="mw-redirect">PROFINET IO</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PROFINET" title="PROFINET">PROFINET</a> IRT</li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SafetyNET_p&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SafetyNET p (page does not exist)">SafetyNET p</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SERCOS_III" title="SERCOS III">SERCOS III</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TTEthernet" title="TTEthernet">TTEthernet</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=VARAN&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VARAN (page does not exist)">VARAN</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAPIEnet" title="RAPIEnet">RAPIEnet</a></li>
</ul>
<p>For details, see the article on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_Ethernet" title="Industrial Ethernet">Industrial Ethernet</a></p>
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fieldbus&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Safety">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Safety">Safety</span></h2>
<p>Fieldbus can be used for systems which must meet safety-relevant standards like <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEC_61508" title="IEC 61508">IEC&nbsp;61508</a> or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=EN_954-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EN 954-1 (page does not exist)">EN&nbsp;954-1</a>. Depending on the actual protocol, fieldbus can provide measures like counters, CRC's, echo, timeout, unique sender and receiver ID's or cross check. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet/IP" title="Ethernet/IP" class="mw-redirect">Ethernet/IP</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SERCOS_III" title="SERCOS III">SERCOS III</a> both use the CIP Safety protocol,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fieldbus#cite_note-4"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet_Powerlink" title="Ethernet Powerlink">Ethernet Powerlink</a> uses <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenSAFETY" title="OpenSAFETY">openSAFETY</a>, while FOUNDATION Fieldbus and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Profibus" title="Profibus">Profibus</a> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PROFIsafe" title="PROFIsafe">PROFIsafe</a>) have varieties of their communications protocol which are compatible with safety systems.</p>
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fieldbus&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Market">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Market">Market</span></h2>
<p>In process control systems, the market is dominated by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FOUNDATION_fieldbus" title="FOUNDATION fieldbus">FOUNDATION fieldbus</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PROFIBUS_PA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PROFIBUS PA (page does not exist)">PROFIBUS PA</a>.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from October 2007">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Both technologies use the same physical layer (2-wire manchester-encoded current modulation at 31.25&nbsp;kHz) but are not interchangeable. As a general guide, applications which are controlled and monitored by PLCs (programmable logic controllers) tend towards PROFIBUS, and applications which are controlled and monitored by a DCS (digital/distributed control system) tend towards FOUNDATION Fieldbus. PROFIBUS technology is made available through Profibus International with headquarters in Karlsruhe, Germany. FOUNDATION Fieldbus technology is owned and distributed by the Fieldbus Foundation of Austin, Texas.</p>
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fieldbus&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span></h2>
<div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;">
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-0"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fieldbus#cite_ref-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bury (1999)</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fieldbus#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Farsi &amp; Barbosa 2000</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fieldbus#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bury 1999</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fieldbus#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pfeiffer &amp; Komischke 1987</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fieldbus#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.designworldonline.com/articles/2280/155/CIP-Safety-on-SERCOS-Specification.aspx">"CIP Safety on SERCOS Specification"</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.designworldonline.com/articles/2280/155/CIP-Safety-on-SERCOS-Specification.aspx">http://www.designworldonline.com/articles/2280/155/CIP-Safety-on-SERCOS-Specification.aspx</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 2010-02-05</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=CIP+Safety+on+SERCOS+Specification&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.designworldonline.com%2Farticles%2F2280%2F155%2FCIP-Safety-on-SERCOS-Specification.aspx&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Fieldbus"><span style="display: none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li>
</ol>
</div>
<ul>
<li>Chatha, Andrew. (1994). <i>Fieldbus: The Foundation for Field Control Systems</i> <b>Control Engineering</b>, May, 47–50.</li>
<li>Furness, Harry. (1994). <i>Digital Communications Provides...</i> <b>Control Engineering</b>, January, 23–25.</li>
<li>Furness, Harry. (1994). <i>Fieldbus: The Differences Start From the Bottom Up</i> <b>Control Engineering</b>, March, 49–51.</li>
<li>Fouhy, Ken. (1993). <i>Fieldbus Hits The Road</i> <b>Chemical Engineering</b>, September, 37–41.</li>
<li>Johnson, Dick. (1994). <i>The Future of Fieldbus At Milestone 1995</i> <b>Control Engineering</b>, December, 49–52.</li>
<li>Loose, Graham. (1994). <i>When Can The Process Industry Use Fieldbus?</i> <b>Control and Instrumentation</b>, May, 63–65.</li>
<li>Spear, Mike. (1993). <i>Fieldbus Faces Up To First Trials</i> <b>Process Engineering</b>, March, p36.</li>
<li>Lasher, Richard J. (1994). <i>Fieldbus Advancements and Their Implications</i> <b>Control Engineering</b>, July, 33–35.</li>
<li>Pierson, Lynda L. (1994). <i>Broader Fieldbus Standards Will Improve System Functionality</i> <b>Control Engineering</b>, November, 38–39.</li>
<li>Powell, James and Henry Vandelinde (2009), 'Catching the Process Fieldbus - An introduction to PROFIBUS for Process Automation' www.measuremax.ca.</li>
<li>O'Neill, Mike (2007). <i>Advances in Fieldbus</i>, <b>Process Industry Informer</b>, January, 36–37.</li>
<li>N.P. Mahalik; P.R. Moore (1997) Fieldbus technology based, distributed control in process industries: a case study with LonWorks Technology</li>
</ul>
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fieldbus&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Bibliography">Bibliography</span></h2>
<ul>
<li>Babb, Michael. (1994). Will Maintenance Learn To Love Fieldbus? Control Engineering, January, 19.</li>
<li>Babb, Michael. (1994). Summer, 1994: Another Fieldbus Delay, Schneider's DPV, and Open Systems Control Engineering, July, 29.</li>
<li>Gokorsch, Steve. (1994). Another Scenario: Maintenance Will Learn to Love Fieldbus Control Engineering, June, 112–114.</li>
<li>Gunnel, Jeff. (1994). Analyser Links Can Use Fieldbus Control and Instrumentation, March, 33–35.</li>
<li>Hodgkinson, Geoff. (1994). Communications Are We Listening? Process Engineering, Instrumentation Supplement 1994, s19–s21.</li>
<li>Jones, Jeremy. (1992). Can Fieldbus Survive? Control and Instrumentation, August, 25–26.</li>
<li>Kerridge, Brian. (1994). Network Vendors Aganize Over Fieldbus StandardEDN, April 28, 45–46.</li>
<li>Rathje, J. (1994). Namur Says Yes To Fieldbus Technology and the Promise of Reduces Costs Control and Instrumentation, September, 33–34.</li>
<li>Reeve, Alan. (1993). Fieldbus — Are Users Involved? Control and Instrumentation, August, 25–26.</li>
<li>Spear, Mike. (1994). A Plant View of Fieldbus In Use Process Engineering, April, 38–39.</li>
<li>Spear, Mike. (1994). Fieldbus Ready To Start The Last Lap? Process Engineering, April, 37.</li>
</ul>
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fieldbus&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span></h2>
<ul>
<li>USA: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fieldbus.org/index.html">Fieldbus Foundation</a></li>
</ul>
<p><b>Foundation Fieldbus End User Councils:</b></p>
<ul>
<li>Middle East: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ffeucme.org/">Foundation Fieldbus End User Council - Middle East</a></li>
<li>Australia: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fieldbus.org.au/">Foundation Fieldbus End User Council Australia Inc</a></li>
</ul>
<p><b>Independent organizations:</b></p>
<ul>
<li>Iran: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fieldbus.ir/index.htm">Iranian Fieldbus Foundation</a> (written in Persian)</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lboro.ac.uk/departments/mm/research/manufacturing-systems/">Manufacturing Systems Integration Research Institute at Loughborough, UK</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.p-net.org/">The P-NET Fieldbus</a></li>
</ul>
<table cellspacing="0" class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0;;">
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<table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;;" id="collapsibleTable0">
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<th scope="col" style=";" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><span class="collapseButton">[<a style="" id="collapseButton0" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fieldbus#">hide</a>]</span>
<div class="noprint plainlinks hlist navbar mini" style="">
<ul>
<li class="nv-view"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Computer_bus" title="Template:Computer bus"><span title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">v</span></a></li>
<li class="nv-talk"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Computer_bus" title="Template talk:Computer bus"><span title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">t</span></a></li>
<li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Computer_bus&action=edit"><span title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">e</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="" style="font-size:110%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bus_(computing)" title="Bus (computing)">Computer bus</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technical_standard" title="Technical standard">official</a> and <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto_standard" title="De facto standard">de facto</a></i> standards (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wired_communication" title="Wired communication">wired</a>)</div>
</th>
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<td></td>
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<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style=";;">General</th>
<td style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_bus" title="System bus">System bus</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front-side_bus" title="Front-side bus">Front-side bus</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back-side_bus" title="Back-side bus">Back-side bus</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daisy_chain_(electrical_engineering)" title="Daisy chain (electrical engineering)">Daisy chain</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_bus" title="Control bus">Control bus</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Address_bus" title="Address bus">Address bus</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bus_contention" title="Bus contention">Bus contention</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plug_and_play" title="Plug and play">Plug and play</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_device_bit_rates#Computer_buses" title="List of device bit rates">List of bus bandwidths</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
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<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style=";;">Standards</th>
<td style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-100_bus" title="S-100 bus">S-100 bus</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unibus" title="Unibus">Unibus</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VAXBI_Bus" title="VAXBI Bus">VAXBI</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MBus_(SPARC)" title="MBus (SPARC)">MBus</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STD_Bus" title="STD Bus">STD Bus</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_Management_Bus" title="System Management Bus">SMBus</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q-Bus" title="Q-Bus">Q-Bus</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industry_Standard_Architecture" title="Industry Standard Architecture">ISA</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amiga_Zorro_II" title="Amiga Zorro II">Zorro II</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amiga_Zorro_III" title="Amiga Zorro III">Zorro III</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_Automated_Measurement_and_Control" title="Computer Automated Measurement and Control">CAMAC</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FASTBUS" title="FASTBUS">FASTBUS</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low_Pin_Count" title="Low Pin Count">LPC</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HP_Precision_Bus" title="HP Precision Bus">HP Precision Bus</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_Industry_Standard_Architecture" title="Extended Industry Standard Architecture">EISA</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VMEbus" title="VMEbus">VME</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VME_eXtensions_for_Instrumentation" title="VME eXtensions for Instrumentation">VXI</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VXS" title="VXS">VXS</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NuBus" title="NuBus">NuBus</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TURBOchannel" title="TURBOchannel">TURBOchannel</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro_Channel_architecture" title="Micro Channel architecture">MCA</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SBus" title="SBus">SBus</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VESA_Local_Bus" title="VESA Local Bus">VLB</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conventional_PCI" title="Conventional PCI">PCI</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCI_eXtensions_for_Instrumentation" title="PCI eXtensions for Instrumentation">PXI</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSC_bus" title="GSC bus">HP GSC bus</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoreConnect" title="CoreConnect">CoreConnect</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InfiniBand" title="InfiniBand">InfiniBand</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra_Port_Architecture" title="Ultra Port Architecture">UPA</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCI-X" title="PCI-X">PCI-X</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_Graphics_Port" title="Accelerated Graphics Port">AGP</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCI_Express" title="PCI Express">PCI Express</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_QuickPath_Interconnect" title="Intel QuickPath Interconnect">Intel QuickPath Interconnect</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HyperTransport" title="HyperTransport">HyperTransport</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height:2px">
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style=";;">Portable</th>
<td style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PC_Card" title="PC Card">PC Card</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ExpressCard" title="ExpressCard">ExpressCard</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height:2px">
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style=";;">Embedded</th>
<td style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multidrop_bus" title="Multidrop bus">Multidrop bus</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Microcontroller_Bus_Architecture" title="Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture">AMBA</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wishbone_(computer_bus)" title="Wishbone (computer bus)">Wishbone</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height:2px">
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style=";;">Storage</th>
<td style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ST-506" title="ST-506">ST-506</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enhanced_Small_Disk_Interface" title="Enhanced Small Disk Interface">ESDI</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storage_Module_Device" title="Storage Module Device">SMD</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_ATA" title="Parallel ATA">Parallel ATA (PATA)</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_memory_access" title="Direct memory access">DMA</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_Storage_Architecture" title="Serial Storage Architecture">SSA</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIPPI" title="HIPPI">HIPPI</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_mass-storage_device_class" title="USB mass-storage device class">USB MSC</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_1394_interface" title="IEEE 1394 interface" class="mw-redirect">FireWire (1394)</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA" title="Serial ATA">Serial ATA (SATA)</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESATA" title="ESATA" class="mw-redirect">eSATA</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESATAp" title="ESATAp">eSATAp</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCSI" title="SCSI">SCSI</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_SCSI" title="Parallel SCSI">Parallel SCSI</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_attached_SCSI" title="Serial attached SCSI">Serial Attached SCSI (SAS)</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibre_Channel" title="Fibre Channel">Fibre Channel (FC)</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISCSI" title="ISCSI">iSCSI</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATAoE" title="ATAoE" class="mw-redirect">ATAoE</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height:2px">
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style=";;">Peripheral</th>
<td style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Desktop_Bus" title="Apple Desktop Bus">Apple Desktop Bus</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIL_bus" title="HIL bus">HIL</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIDI" title="MIDI">MIDI</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multibus" title="Multibus">Multibus</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RS-232" title="RS-232">RS-232 (serial port)</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DMX512-A" title="DMX512-A" class="mw-redirect">DMX512-A</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE-488" title="IEEE-488">IEEE-488 (GPIB)</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RS-422" title="RS-422">EIA/RS-422</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_1284" title="IEEE 1284">IEEE-1284 (parallel port)</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNI/O" title="UNI/O">UNI/O</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACCESS.bus" title="ACCESS.bus">ACCESS.bus</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1-Wire" title="1-Wire">1-Wire</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C2%B2C" title="I²C">I²C</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_Peripheral_Interface_Bus" title="Serial Peripheral Interface Bus">SPI</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RS-485" title="RS-485">EIA/RS-485</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_SCSI" title="Parallel SCSI">Parallel SCSI</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Profibus" title="Profibus">Profibus</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Serial_Bus" title="Universal Serial Bus">USB</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_1394" title="IEEE 1394">FireWire (1394)</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibre_Channel" title="Fibre Channel">Fibre Channel</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera_Link" title="Camera Link">Camera Link</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCI_Express#PCI_Express_External_Cabling" title="PCI Express">External PCI Express x16</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thunderbolt_(interface)" title="Thunderbolt (interface)">Thunderbolt</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
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<div><small><i>Note: interfaces are listed in speed ascending order (roughly), the interface at the end of each section should be the fastest</i></small><br>
<img alt="Category" src="./10_Fieldbus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia_files/16px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png" width="16" height="14"> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Computer_buses" title="Category:Computer buses">Category</a></div>
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